Donate
New Democracy Maps

Democracy 101: Understanding State Voting Rights Acts

Overview

The federal Voting Rights Act (VRA), passed in 1965 thanks to the efforts of the civil rights movement, is one of the most important pieces of legislation ever enacted in our country. However, due to U.S. Supreme Court decisions over the past decade, some of the most important protections of the federal VRA have been stripped away.  

In response to this shifting landscape, some states have taken renewed interest in putting their own voting rights protections in place in the form of state Voting Rights Acts. This policy brief outlines the increasing need for these laws, explains how these policies have developed over time and how they differ between states, and offers a rundown of current proposals in the 2025 legislative session.

>> Click through the embedded brief below to read more, or download a PDF version here.


Additional Resources

To view a static PDF version of this brief, click here or below.

To learn more about all of the 50+ voting and election policies we track in real time, visit the Democracy Maps.

ABOUT THIS SERIES


With new legislative sessions kicking off in states across the country, MAP’s Democracy 101 series focuses on educating communities about emerging trends in election and voting-related legislation.
The policies detailed in this series are among the 50+ laws we track in real time with our Democracy Maps

Author

Recommended citation


Movement Advancement Project. February 2025. Democracy 101: Understanding State Voting Rights Acts. www.mapresearch.org/2025-democracy-101-vras.

Stay Informed

Be the first to know about new reports and MAP news by signing up for our newsletter


Request User Access

A limited set of materials is restricted to the staff and board members of LGBTQ movement organizations. Click below to request user access.

Join MAP

View our privacy policy.

Sexual Orientation Policy Tally

The term “sexual orientation” is loosely defined as a person’s pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or more than one sex or gender. Laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation primarily protect or harm lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. That said, transgender people who are lesbian, gay or bisexual can be affected by laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation.

Gender Identity Policy Tally

“Gender identity” is a person’s deeply-felt inner sense of being male, female, or something else or in-between. “Gender expression” refers to a person’s characteristics and behaviors such as appearance, dress, mannerisms and speech patterns that can be described as masculine, feminine, or something else. Gender identity and expression are independent of sexual orientation, and transgender people may identify as heterosexual, lesbian, gay or bisexual. Laws that explicitly mention “gender identity” or “gender identity and expression” primarily protect or harm transgender people. These laws also can apply to people who are not transgender, but whose sense of gender or manner of dress does not adhere to gender stereotypes.

Choose an Issue

Choose an Issue