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Democracy 101: Understanding Federal vs. State Control Over Elections

Authors

Movement Advancement Project

Recommended Citation

Movement Advancement Project. May 2025.
Democracy 101: Understanding Federal vs. State Control Over Elections. https://mapresearch.org/brief/brief-2025-democracy-101-elections-control/. July 10, 2026

Supporting Content

"Democracy 101: Understanding Federal vs. State Control Over Elections"
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Democracy Map: State Legislature Interference in Elections
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"Democracy 101: Understanding Voter ID Laws"
Read the brief
"Democracy 101: Understanding Proof of Citizenship Requirements for Voter Registration"
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"Democracy 101: Understanding State Voting Rights Acts"
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Overview

All states must perform voter list maintenance, but states vary widely in their individual list maintenance practices. While there are routine methods for maintaining these lists, like removing voters who have moved or have passed away, many states have recently begun adopting overly aggressive and flawed policies which result in “purges” that can disenfranchise otherwise eligible voters.

While voter list maintenance policies have long been a subject of debate, recent developments at the state and federal level threaten to further increase the risk of overly broad purges.

MAP’s fifth and final brief in the Democracy 101 series examines the history and development of voter list maintenance policies, the current landscape, legislative proposals, and it contrasts accepted best practices with policies that lead to problematic — and often targeted or discriminatory — voter purges.

Related resources

State Legislature Interference in Elections
Starting in 2021, some state legislatures enacted laws that increase the danger of election subversion by giving the legislatures more power to interfere in election administration. This map tracks which states have these laws in place and which states do not.
Primaries & General Elections
These spotlights outline policies that impacted what voting looked like in a number of battleground states and provide overviews of how voting and election laws have changed from election to election, for better or for worse.
Partisanship of State Primary Election Systems
State primary elections determine the candidates that will be on the ballot for the general election. States primary election systems vary widely, with some elections only open to voters registered with a particular party, while other states allow non-affiliated voters to participate as well. While most state primary systems are

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